Why winter destroys pavement
The freeze-thaw cycle is the single most destructive process for asphalt pavement. Water that gets into a hairline crack expands by ~9% when it freezes, levering the crack open. The next thaw lets more water in. Repeat over a winter and a 2 mm crack becomes a 50 mm pothole in a single season.
Snow ploughs accelerate the damage. Plough blades catch on raised edges and rip out chunks of asphalt; salt and brine attack the binder; chains and studs from vehicles wear the surface. By spring, pavement that was sound in autumn is full of voids.




